Git
How to Change Branch in Git Using Command Line?
Git branches are an essential feature for managing parallel development efforts in a project. Whether you’re working on a new feature, fixing a bug, or exploring experimental ideas, switching between branches is a routine task.
In this blog, we’ll walk you through how to change branches in Git using the command line.
What Are Git Branches?
A branch in Git is essentially a pointer to a specific commit in your repository. By creating and switching branches, you can isolate your work from the main development line, enabling a smoother collaboration and testing process.
Why Change Branches?
Changing branches allows you to:
- Switch Contexts: Work on different features or fixes independently.
- Review Code: Check the state of other branches for reviewing or debugging.
- Collaborate: Align your local environment with the team’s active branch.
Steps to Change Branch in Git Using Command Line
1. List All Branches
Before switching, you may want to see the available branches in your repository. Run:
git branch
This command lists:
- Local branches: Branches available in your local repository.
- The currently checked-out branch will be marked with an asterisk
*.
To include remote branches, use:
git branch -a
2. Switch to an Existing Branch
To switch to an existing branch, use the git switch or git checkout command:
git switch branch-name
OR (older versions of Git):
git checkout branch-name
For example, to switch to a branch named feature-update:
git switch feature-update
3. Create and Switch to a New Branch
If the branch you need doesn’t exist locally, you can create and switch to it in one step:
git switch -c new-branch-name
OR (older versions of Git):
git checkout -b new-branch-name
This creates a new branch named new-branch-name and switches to it immediately.
4. Pull Updates for Remote Branches
If the branch exists remotely but not locally, you need to check it out and track it:
git switch --track origin/branch-name
OR (older versions of Git):
git checkout -t origin/branch-name
This will create a local copy of the remote branch and set up tracking.
Best Practices for Changing Branches
- Commit or Stash Changes: Before switching branches, ensure your working directory is clean:
- Commit your changes:
git add . git commit -m "Save progress before switching branches" - Or stash changes if they’re not ready for commit:
git stash
- Commit your changes:
- Verify the Branch Switch: After switching, confirm the active branch using:
git branchThe active branch will have an asterisk*next to its name. - Pull the Latest Updates: Once on a branch, ensure you’re working with the latest changes:
git pull
Troubleshooting Common Issues
- Uncommitted Changes Preventing Switch If you have uncommitted changes that conflict with the target branch, Git will block the switch. Stash or commit your changes before proceeding.
- Branch Not Found If you mistype the branch name, Git will throw an error. Use
git branch -ato verify the branch name.
Conclusion
Switching branches in Git is a straightforward yet powerful operation, enabling seamless context switching and parallel development.
By mastering the commands discussed in this blog, you can effectively navigate your projects and contribute to collaborative workflows with confidence.
